Iontophoresis.
Iontophoresis is another transdermal delivery option. This approach uses an electrical repulsion of a relatively low voltage
to drive molecules through the intact skin. Iontophoresis is successful only with drug molecules of up to 1000 Da. Because
delivery through the intact skin requires formulations of certain pH levels, the target drug needs to be ionized for successful
delivery. Iontophoresis can only be applied for short periods of time because of possible skin irritation caused by the electrical
current. Only drugs with short-delivery duration, therefore, can be used with this technology. Delivery by RF cell ablation
is not limited by these factors. There is no molecular size limitation, no molecular electrical charge requirement, and no
specific formulation pH constraint.
Microneedles.
Microneedles represent another transdermal delivery option. Microneedles create a matrix of holes in the skin using an array
of ultra-sharp microscopic needles; however, they too suffer from significant limitations. The amount of drug that can be
coated on microneedles is limited, so only very potent drugs are suitable for this technology. In addition, a complex formulation
is needed to enable the drug to be efficiently coated onto the microneedles. Delivery through microneedles results in a sharp
peak profile, compared with the more extended release the delivery system based on RF-cell ablation.
Conclusion
A microelectronic system based on radio-frequency cell ablation may be used in various therapeutic applications. Such a system
can be a transdermal delivery solution for polypeptides, other large molecules, and water-soluble small molecules. This system
also allows enhanced immunizations by providing a painless, safe, and effective alternative to current intramuscular or subcutaneous
vaccination methods. RF microchannels also improve penetration of the drug substance and dosage control.
Galit Levin, DSc, is vice-president of pharmaceutical research and development at TransPharma Medical Ltd., 2 Yodfat St. Northern Industrial
Zone, Lod, Israel 71291, tel. 972.8.915.2201, fax 972.8.915.2202, galitl@transpharma.co.il
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