Using PAT in OSD Manufacturing

Process analytical technology (PAT) tools collect process data that can be used for real-time process control and to increase process understanding. Pharmaceutical Technology interviewed Eamonn Garry, operations director at Optimal Industrial Automation, and Paul Gillham, innovations director at Optimal Industrial Technologies, about implementing PAT in oral solid dose (OSD) manufacturing.

Benefits of PAT

PharmTech: What are the advantages of using PAT?

Garry and Gillham (Optimal): PAT provides OSD manufacturers with a data-driven, in-depth process understanding that supports accurate and responsive in-line control across all production stages, from raw material input up to the delivery of end products. Thanks to the actionable insight gained from these data, it is possible to create an intelligent as well as flexible manufacturing line that is able to address variability and meet market demands with high-quality products. PAT is therefore essential for any business seeking to implement quality by design (QbD), lean, and smart manufacturing applications.

By offering a holistic approach to manufacturing, PAT offers multiple advantages to pharmaceutical producers. First, this system is crucial for the transition from traditional quality control methods to more comprehensive and efficient quality assurance strategies. As a result, OSD producers can improve the consistency of end-product quality whilst considerably reducing the volume of off-spec materials, rejects, and reworks. Furthermore, the advanced process understanding generated by PAT enables manufacturers to continuously increase the quality of their end products by fine-tuning operating conditions.

Moreover, the information on quality that is continuously generated, analyzed, and stored offers full data traceability, which facilitates quality auditing activities to prove regulatory compliance. In practice, this provides the foundation for real-time release testing (RTRT). All these quality-oriented features also help manufacturers increase product safety, thus minimizing—if not eliminating—the risk of drug recalls.

A shared PAT infrastructure can also enhance collaboration between manufacturing facilities within an organization, improving end-product consistency and maintaining quality across the company.

In addition to increased quality, pharmaceutical companies can also benefit from more energy-efficient and resource-efficient processes. Not only do fewer off-specs and reworks result in lower waste generation and material usage, but optimum process conditions also avoid overprocessing. As a result, OSD producers can reduce their running costs, leading to substantial savings. In particular, PAT can increase operating margins by 6% for mid-sized pharmaceutical companies manufacturing small-market branded, generic, and over-the-counter OSD forms (1).

Furthermore, the reduction of reworks and overprocessing, coupled with the elimination of downtime associated with off-line quality control, play a key role in shortening production times. This [faster production], in turn, increases productivity and speed to market. For new OSD formulations, producers can take full advantage of a product’s patent life.

Manufacturers wanting to fully optimize their operations can also leverage PAT to facilitate the transition from batch to continuous processing, which can achieve even more productivity gains. For example, Vertex reported how this change in production has helped the company manufacture medicines from APIs to commercial-ready tablets in a few days as opposed to 4–8 weeks with a traditional batch process (2).

Finally, PAT-driven applications use the power of data, in line with Industry 4.0 or Pharma 4.0 concepts. Consequently, businesses have a key tool that enables them to continuously drive process improvements and intensification as well as to increase their flexibility in adapting to variability in market demands. OSD manufacturers can therefore address current market requirements while being ready to meet future needs.

Best practices in implementing PAT

PharmTech: What are the challenges for installing such systems in existing lines (retrofitting)? Is this possible/practical? Or is it best for new lines?

Garry and Gillham (Optimal): One of the biggest benefits of PAT is that both new and existing manufacturing lines can implement and profit from it, whether they run batch or continuous processes. Therefore, businesses adopting a PAT-driven approach do not need to build new facilities. In fact, they can leverage this framework to retrofit their plants, improving their operations.

Whether PAT is applied to grassroots or brownfield plants, it is important to seamlessly integrate the technology with the facility’s control system. Therefore, it is crucial to design and validate a well interconnected setup.

The implementation of PAT on existing manufacturing lines requires the development of a PAT environment that can be adapted to the existing infrastructure. It may also be necessary to adapt the pre-existing control system to a quality-centric control strategy as directed and orchestrated by a PAT system.

In new facilities, it is beneficial to develop the control and PAT aspects simultaneously, so that a comprehensive solution can be created that is tailored to the application. Ultimately, the creation of a PAT-driven OSD line should follow the same principles of QbD that are applied for process and quality monitoring, where quality is built into the solution from the outset.

In both cases, companies should rely on a PAT specialist, especially if they do not have expert in-house teams. The right specialist should have extensive experience in the pharmaceutical sector and a proven track record in developing customized solutions for new and existing plants. This [expertise] will ensure the creation of a suitable framework that addresses the specific needs of the OSD manufacturing plant. By collaborating with such an expert, businesses can make sure they are using a high-quality system that maximizes the benefits of PAT-driven manufacturing.

PharmTech: When thinking about using PAT for automating/controlling an OSD manufacturing line, what are some of the things to consider?

Garry and Gillham (Optimal): The most important element that should be considered in automated, PAT-driven OSD manufacturing lines is certainly interoperability. PAT systems are highly likely to interface with multiple systems and devices, including instruments and analyzers, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, historians and, potentially, distributed control systems (DCS). Therefore, it is crucial to select a PAT knowledge management platform for process orchestration and closed-loop control that can communicate bi-directionally with multiple automation, device, and system vendors.

For the same reasons, it is highly beneficial to select an independent PAT platform and system integrator specialist that has experience with automation products from different manufacturers, as well as in-depth understanding of PAT and how to deploy the technology effectively. By utilizing this knowledge, the specialist can select the most suitable components for an intended application as well as effectively configure devices on new or existing networks.

Another aspect that should be considered is the structure of the PAT knowledge management software used. In particular, a modular solution should be favored, as it allows specialists to conduct the installation, validation, and testing of PAT setups in different stages, which can then be unified. This ability is especially important in continuous manufacturing lines, where everything should operate in sync. In these situations, having the flexibility to develop the automation and PAT strategy for each unit operation separately enables the simplified, ‘standalone’ testing of each component before each one is successfully incorporated into a larger, comprehensive automation and PAT framework for integrated testing and subsequent use.

In addition, modularity not only simplifies the creation of a suitable PAT-led manufacturing approach, but also helps manufacturers to adopt the framework in a staged PAT strategy. Such a strategy allows progressive benefits to be gained as the technology is rolled out along the processing line. In effect, OSD manufacturers adopting this manufacturing concept can begin with a simple, smaller-scale project that would enable the business to explore PAT and the possible gains while getting accustomed to the technology.

PharmTech: What types of maintenance must be performed when using these systems?

Garry and Gillham (Optimal): Another key advantage of PAT is that once a suitable system has been correctly set up, the framework can operate near continuously. A well-designed PAT system can also be adjusted to support expansions, modifications, or the repurposing of existing lines and units. In addition, it can support its own optimization by using increasingly accurate and representative predictive models as more process data is analyzed. For this reason, a PAT approach embraces continuous improvement.

To realize these opportunities, a modular PAT infrastructure can be highly beneficial. In particular, it facilitates a highly flexible, extensible, and scalable PAT approach. As a result, its reprogramming or development, validation, and subsequent addition to the complete infrastructure can be simplified and streamlined.

References

1. R.P. Cogdill et al., J. Pharmaceutical Innovation, 2, 38–50 (2007).
2. Manufacturing Chemist, “Talking continuous: Q&A with Patricia Hurter from Vertex,” www.manufacturingchemist.com, April 17, 2018.

Article Details

Pharmaceutical Technology
Supplement: Solid Dosage Drug Development and Manufacturing
April 2021
Pages: s26–s28

When referring to this article, please cite it as J. Markarian, “Using PAT in OSD Manufacturing,” Solid Dosage Drug Development and Manufacturing Supplement (April 2021).