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Digital information travels through fiber optic cables through the network and data servers behind glass panels in the server room of the data center. High speed digital lines 3d illustration | Image Credit: © flashmovie - stock.adobe.com

FDA’s 2024-2025 guidances and policy signals, when read together, point to a digital-by-default oversight model built on structured data exchange, more routine remote engagement, and clearer expectations for lifecycle control of automated systems used in regulated decisions. This article translates those signals into practical steps for chemistry, manufacturing, and control, as well as quality management systems.

Stainless steel pipe fittings, clamps, and connectors arranged in industrial. Precision manufacturing, mechanical assembly, and hygienic processing systems for food and pharmaceutical industries. | Image Source: ©Artinun -stock.adobe.com

This article reviews the use of Raman spectroscopy in a series of case studies to quickly identify the iron oxide compound(s), including magnetite and hematite, on the surface of representative endcaps or piping spool pieces. The article also provides a strategy using a detergent additive to remove magnetite without performing costly electro- or mechanical polishing.