Large-Scale LNP Process Conversions: The many hurdles of LNP scale-up and what to consider

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation development begins on a small scale, often with homemade or benchtop setups, using syringe pumps and easily accessible micro-mixing systems. Once a promising formulation has been identified, the next step is to transition to standardized large-scale impingement mixing systems, such as the high flow T-mixing pumps that were used to produce the COVID-19 vaccines (Sealy 2021). Formulators need to consider a number of factors when scaling up novel LNP systems. These include flow rates that affect LNP particles, solvent removal, risk factors when changing equipment, and the impact of tangential flow filtration sensitivity. In this technical note, we discuss these factors and what needs to be considered when developing a cost- and time efficient large-scale process.