Christian Stage

Articles by Christian Stage

Pharmaceutical Technology Europe

Baselines are one of the most useful tools in the 'validation toolbox'. They can be used for a variety of tasks with great success. This article will examine how they can be used and for what.

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Pharmaceutical Technology Europe

In the pharmaceutical world it is generally accepted that a valve can be exchanged for another when it becomes defective, provided that the new one is exactly the same as the old one.

Pharmaceutical Technology Europe

Reading the good automated manufacturing practice (GAMP 4) guide acquaints you with the now classic and almost famous V-model.1 The V-model, originally used for describing a validation workflow of IT and automated systems, is easy to understand and very good at ensuring that the requirements and design are built into the final solution. It is also extremely versatile and can be used for almost any type of validation task you could meet in a development phase.