The first aptamer-liposome delivery system

Researchers at the University of Illinois (US) have developed a cancer drug delivery system that reportedly kills target tumour cells, spares healthy cells and has effects that can be reversed to halt potentially hazardous side effects. What makes the delivery system unique is that instead of using antibodies to bind to cancer-cell receptors, the team isolated aptamers (short strands of DNA or RNA) that effectively bind to nucleolin receptors found on breast cancer cells.

After isolating the aptamers, the research team, lead by chemistry professor Yi Li, developed a method for attaching these aptamers to a liposome containing cisplatin, a drug that is known to kill cancer cells, but also leads to uncomfortable side effects. Aptamers also can be disabled, preventing them from interacting with cell receptors, by binding then to complementary DNA.

“This is the first study to integrate the aptamers and the liposome” said Jianjun Cheng, a principal investigator on the study, in a university press release. “This approach integrates the advantages of advantages of small molecules and antibodies.”

So far, the method has been proven only in cell culture, but the team anticipates it can be used to fight other cancers by changing the therapeutic drug and using different aptamers specific for binding on to the relative receptors.