New Vaccine for HIV Using Lipid-Nanoparticle Technology

On Feb. 27, 2019, CEA-Leti, a research institute of CEA Tech that focuses on micro- and nanotechnologies, in collaboration with CEA's Fundamental Research Division, announced that it has developed a new approach to HIV vaccines based on engineered lipid nanoparticles that deliver p24, a viral protein that is key to an HIV vaccine, and optimize the CpG adjuvant's effect.

Until now, p24-based vaccines have shown limited effectiveness because of an insufficient immune response to this antigen in HIV patients, according to Leti. Based on its Lipidots delivery platform, Leti reports that its new approach improves immunogenicity against the p24 HIV protein by loading it and an immunostimulant agent onto nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). This may be a first step for a new HIV vaccine that also would include additional components of the virus.

Lipidots is a versatile nano-delivery platform that encapsulates drugs and/or imaging agents in tiny droplets of oil and delivers them to targeted cells in the body for patient treatment or diagnosis. The small size of the Lipidots NLCs, approximately 100nm in diameter, allows them to enter the body's lymphatic vessels, which carry them to the lymph nodes where they trigger a stronger immune response.

The results of the research project were published in npj Vaccines in October 2018. In the article, Leti demonstrated that with mice and non-human primates, this new approach significantly enhanced immune responses against p24 by increasing specific antibody production and T-cell activation, when associated with Lipidots NLCs delivering the CpG immunostimulant. The lipid carriers are able to protect the CpG nucleic acids from the extracellular environment as well as to deliver it intracellularly directly into the dendritic cells-the antigen-presenting cells that mediate the induced immune responses.

"Despite a major effort by the scientific community to develop HIV vaccines, the virus continues to infect people every day," said Fabrice Navarro, head of CEA-Leti's Microfluidic Systems and Bio-Engineering Lab, in a company press release. “Vaccine candidates face immunological obstacles that can be overcome only by introducing innovations in the design of vaccine formulations. CEA-Leti and its partners have demonstrated that its lipid nanoparticles associated with p24 trigger both the body's creation of antibodies, and the cellular response, which activates T lymphocytes."

Source: CEA-Leti