Drug Digest: Small Molecules, APIs, and Excipients—Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

*Full transcript available below.

In this exclusive Drug Digest video, Patrick Lavery, Editor, Pharmaceutical Technology® Group, interviews industry experts about the state of small molecule APIs, excipients, and ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Key points include the significant role of small molecules, which accounted for 69% of FDA-approved drugs as of 2023. The conversation highlights challenges, such as supply chain complexities, regulatory hurdles, and the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act on biologics.

The potential of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and the importance of sustainable practices are also discussed. The future of small molecules is seen as a promising one, with continued innovation and adaptation to emerging technologies and market dynamics.

Interview featuring

via LinkedIn

Steve Barr, Head—Small Molecule Business Unit and Vice-President, Global Alliances, SK pharmteco

With more than 30 years of international experience in the Life Sciences industry, Steve possesses a unique blend of technical and commercial skills, having earned a PhD in Organic Chemistry from the University of Glasgow and an MBA from the University of Edinburgh. His career includes work at GlaxoSmithKline, Catalent Pharma Solutions, The Dow Chemical Company, and Johnson Matthey.

Prasad Raje, CEO, LGM Pharma

Prasad Raje joined LGM Pharma as CEO in 2018. With leadership experience across analytical testing laboratories, drug substance, and drug product, he has overseen LGM’s expansion from a leading API sourcing organization for global pharmaceutical companies to an end-to-end contract development and manufacturing organization featuring: a network of prequalified API manufacturers, well over 100,000 square feet of US-based development and manufacturing facilities and equipment, and expert regulatory and analytical testing services. Born and raised in India and educated in India and the US, Dr. Raje's extensive pharmaceutical career includes consulting and leadership roles at both large and small, public and private organizations. Most recently he was president, CEO, and board member of Nanotherapeutics, Inc.; senior vice-president and head of the life sciences division at EAG Laboratories; vice-president of development and manufacturing at Cambridge Major Laboratories (now Alcami); and president of Smithers Pharma Services and EVP and managing director of Smithers Viscient Laboratories. Prior to that he held several roles at AMRI Global leading to president and managing director at AMRI India. He earned his PhD in organic chemistry at Auburn University.

Sponsors

This episode of Drug Digest is sponsored by:

• Adare Pharma Solutions
• Bend Bioscience
• Catalent
• Coating Place Inc.
• gChem
• Ligand
• Lonza
• Piramal Pharma Solutions
• Solvias

About Drug Digest

Drug Digest is a tech talk video series with the Pharmaceutical Technology® editors, who interview industry experts to discuss the emerging opportunities, obstacles, and advances in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry for the research, development, formulation, analysis, upstream and downstream processing, manufacturing, supply chain, and packaging of drug products.

Upcoming episodes

• October 2025: Partnering for BioPharma Success
• November 2025: Updates in Quality Regulations

Transcript

Editor's note: This transcript is a direct, unedited rendering of the original audio/video content. It may contain errors, informal language, or omissions as spoken in the original recording.

Patrick Lavery

Pharmaceutical Technology presents Drug Digest, a tech talk with the Pharmaceutical Technology editors all about emerging opportunities, obstacles and advances in the pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotech industries. Join us as we discuss with industry experts the research, development, formulation, analysis, upstream and downstream, processing, manufacturing, supply chain and packaging, as well as business strategies and regulatory issues.

I'm Patrick Lavery, editor for Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Technology Europe and BioPharm International. For this episode of the Drug Digest video series, I will be discussing the topic of developments in small molecule APIs, excipients and ingredients with Steve Barr at SK pharmteco and Prasad Raje at LGM Pharma. In our chat, Steve, Prasad and I will look at the state of the small molecule market amid challenges such as novel excipients, supply chain concerns, regulatory hurdles, artificial intelligence integration and reliance on sustainable practices with a look into the future at what's next for this area of drug discovery.

This episode of the Drug Digest is sponsored by Adare, Bend Bioscience, Catalant, Coating Place, gChem, Ligand, Lonza, Piramal, and Solvias.

Adare Pharma Solutions is a global technology driven CDMO, providing product development through commercial manufacturing expertise focused on oral dosage forms for the pharmaceutical industry.

Bend Bioscience offers bigger solutions and bolder science across small molecule capabilities, while providing clients with the highest levels of service and science. They've combined three top notch facilities to deliver comprehensive integrated development to manufacturing onshore solutions for all oral dose projects. Bend optimizes formulation designs with a focus on enhanced pharmacokinetics and deploying enabling technologies such as spray dried dispersions, particle engineering, multi particulate dosage forms and modified release technologies to affect desired release profiles and in-vivo bioavailability, offering accelerated solutions for orphan breakthrough and specialty programs as well as tech transfers.

Catalent is a global leader in enabling pharma, biotech and consumer health partners to optimize product development, launch and full lifecycle supply for patients by leveraging oral solid dose manufacturing expertise and scale across a global network. Catalent matches the best technologies to optimal oral dose forms to enable successful programs.

Coating Place, Inc, has been in the contract manufacturing industry with a continued goal to provide the highest quality Wurster processing possible, which has kept them at the forefront of the fluid bed microencapsulation market for over 45 years.

gChem, the nation's premier manufacturer and world's leading innovator of DMSO enhances health and drug delivery applications with its Procipient product, creating a better world through unmatched, safe and high-quality solutions.

Ligand’s Captizol is a modified beta cyclodextrin for use in drug development and formulation, and improves solubility, stability, bioavailability and dosing of insoluble ingredients.

At Lonza small molecules, their connected experts work together to provide contract development and manufacturing services, helping pharma and small biotech companies deliver their medicines to patients in need, from the earliest stages of discovery to the final drug product, they can simplify the outsourcing experience with their reliable, timely service anticipating risks and solving problems, whether developing a pioneering therapy or creating a new oral, solid dosage form. Lonza is the only CDMO partner you need throughout a molecule's journey from early development to commercial product. They work as one.

Piramal Pharma Solutions is a CDMO and part of Piramal Pharma Limited offering end to end development manufacturing solutions across the drug life cycle. They serve customers through a globally integrated network of facilities in North America, Europe and Asia. Developing trailblazing therapies is filled with unknowns.

Solvias helps smooth the journey from concept to clinic to commercialization with CMC analytical services as pioneering as products, pharma and biotech innovators worldwide turned to them for creative solutions powered by scientific expertise and a strong focus on customer success.

Without further ado, let's jump into today's discussion. My thanks to Steve and Prasad for joining us to talk about small molecule developments.

Small molecule discovery has taken a lead role in some of 2025’s most prominent drug development storylines, such as the persistent popularity of GLP-1s. But before we get to that, let's revisit a recent conversation PharmTech Group had with Dave Miller, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer at AustinPx. Dr. Miller offered his thoughts on the importance of CDMOs partnering with a sponsor’s mindset.

Dave Miller

I think what we are leveraging is scientific expertise. So high science, we have, coming out of our history, we're focused primarily on enabling formulations, bioavailability and for very challenging small molecules that had various issues that impacted bioavailability.

So we developed a deep expertise and a wide array of tools for addressing bioavailability and issues, and creating enabled formulations. We have world class in that regard, but also carry a ton of knowledge in terms of just conventional pharmaceuticals, developing conventional dosage forms, manufacturing efficiency, GMP manufacturing, release, regulatory strategy.

So, we've got the high science approach, but also with a well-rounded experience in general. I think the high science is key, offering novel platforms that differentiate your company against what's out there in the landscape. There’s a lot of noise in the CDMO space.

I think what companies need to be differentiated is offering something different, something useful, and something that has a depth of history like we do with our bioavailability platform, but as I said, it's also about, again, co-development, not putting a client's compound through sort of a decision tree type structured development, but developing a tailored approach and tailored solution specifically for that molecule and demonstrating the scientific expertise and depth, as well as the engineering expertise and depth to take that molecule through formulation development, onto manufacturing tech transfer, to ensure that you're going to be the development and manufacturing partner for your client from start to finish.

The foundation of all of that, what underlies all of that, is having a robust quality system, a history with regulatory agencies, a history with IP generation and maintenance and retention that creates a feeling of trust among your clients that I think still, in comparison to Eastern markets, there's still some uncertainty there with respect to trustworthiness in terms of regulatory and IP, and I think that's still some… there's a natural sort of trustworthiness for domestic CDMOs and particularly CDMOs like us who have such an extensive regulatory and IP history that we will be trustworthy, will protect their asset, not only in terms of the services we provide, but also retaining their IP, generating new IP. And we can be a partner for them in providing what's needed for regulatory filing and standing behind it.

Patrick Lavery

With that as context, Prasad, I'd like to start with you. Summarize the state of small molecule discovery and development so far in 2025. What are some of the most notable things to happen this year?

Prasad Raje

Before we talk about what 2025 has brought about for small molecule, let's set the precedence for what the small molecule means for the pharmaceutical industry. If you just look at three years, 2023, 69% of all the drug products that were approved by FDA were small molecules. 2024, about 68% were small molecules till today, or I should say, till the month of August, at least 25 new molecular entities have been approved, 18 of which, 72%, are small molecules.

So while we know in the last decade or even more, biologics, large molecules have continued to be in the limelight, have played a role, certainly, because the dollar amounts coming from the prescriptions is skewed more towards that small molecules are here to stay, is the point I'm trying to make through the numbers, at least, to that 2025 has posed a little bit of a challenging environment for all drug discovery, small molecules included.

But one aspect that is being talked about a lot in lately is since the inception of the Inflation Reduction Act, the CMS aspect of supporting biologics patents for 11 years before it starts getting into negotiations with CMS versus small molecule, which starts getting after nine years, has really changed, or seven years has really changed. The talks about funding, and hence, the whole biotech winter, as everybody refers to, has affected small molecule discoveries at the same pace at which the biologics has, but since investors who would be investing in that discovery of small molecules have taken a little bit of seat back in making sure that the funding does give them the rewards for the risk that they end up taking.

So this is roughly the state of small molecule discovery, where it lies.

Patrick Lavery

Small molecules have been mentioned with high frequency in the still exploding field of GLP-1s and obesity and weight loss drugs in general. What role does small molecule discovery play in this area?

Prasad Raje

Very interesting question, Patrick. Look when we, if you technically, talk about first and foremost, GLP-1s most accepted, I would say, in the history of drug discovery, to pharmaceutical launches, to the tune that even the innovators kind of didn't have enough capacity planned for how quickly it got accepted by the users. So that sets the stage for GLP-1 discussions.

Of course, it is being talked about a lot, it is being accepted by patients. A lot of it is being used and has a great positive outcome for many patients. So if you look at what a GLP-1 is, while they are peptides, one can argue, or one scientifically and regulatory wise, it is a small molecule by definition, less than 40 peptides. It is a small molecule, and it is synthetically being produced. Of course, there is a fermentation pathway for semaglutide especially, but, but they are both produced synthetically. So technically, they are also small molecules that are being manufactured the way a traditional small molecule would be manufactured.

Having said that, almost there are, I would say, 39, 40 depending on what reports you read, new molecular entities for obesity and weight loss currently in development, various stages of development by almost 34 plus or 35 plus companies, the market is here to stay. Acceptance is valid. Has been validated through the revenue generated. And small molecules will continue playing a role in that because at end of the day, if one could convert semaglutide, tirzepatide molecules itself, or like molecules with equal efficacy and results via either solid dosage, traditionally the small molecule part, then It would be even more accepted or more readily available, driving cost further down. So that would be, that would be a little bit of summary for GLP-1s.

Steve Barr

Yeah, look, it's obviously an area of huge focus. I mean, there's, you know, I don't think in my 30 years in the industry, I've seen anything quite like the dynamics that's going on with the whole area of obesity. Obviously, a huge focus on the lead peptide products, which is, I'd say, challenging the industry to be able to properly respond to that demand. But I don't think it's going to be a winner takes all type scenario here. I think there is space for the small molecule drugs to play.

I think the whole, the general link between weight loss and other medical challenges is becoming increasingly, you know, strong and clear, that link. So I think we're going to see a lot of opportunity for niche applications, and I think that's probably where the small molecule products will play. There have been some setbacks in recent times whether the oral small molecule products, but I mean, there are some inherent advantages of those products over the peptide products. And I think, you know, the focus and investment has been made by the major developers will inevitably lead to some really important breakthroughs.

Oral products are easier to administer, and in terms of patient preference, I think the oral remains, you know, typically preferential to the injectable. So I think with that particular need, you're going to see the continued focus. The products are easier to make, typically, and therefore tend to be to be lower cost. And hopefully ultimately that makes them more broadly applicable. So, you know, I think there is absolutely the drivers and the focus and the space to play for oral and small molecule products to sit alongside the inevitable, successful peptide products that have already been developed and will continue to be developed.

Patrick Lavery

Let's broaden the discussion to include APIs, excipients and other ingredients, particularly novel excipients that may have been recently developed. What are some hurdles surrounding these?

Prasad Raje

Look from an API perspective, and we talked about GLP-1s. Let's just take that example. You know, these are injectables. Patients are taking once a week injectable, either in type, in their gut, very well accepted, but still, there is a large population that does not prefer pricking a needle or in general, it is more expensive to have a style drug being eventually made available to the patients. So APIs, excipients, they will continue to play a role in in the sourcing aspects for us, we continuously see the new molecular entities, and the genetics is almost like a different beast by itself in managing that supply chain.

But if we focus first, let's say on GLP-1s, because, if it is a contiguous question that you would like to understand more that there are, there is actually a drug, or a dosage drug for weight loss or actually for diabetes, already in market, semaglutide drug, but it is not as popular or not as widely used, since the bioavailability of peptides is always something that you have to worry about, and how much you would dose in to the cost of making this peptide becomes a very valid question.

Having said that, excipients like biodegradable polymers or converting that into a dry powder inhalation, or using permeation enhancers like SNAC, salcaprozate sodium, those are all being currently used for enhancing the bioavailability of the GLP-1s. And on a larger scale, if you look at the macro part of the APIs, the genetic drugs, which are majority of the prescriptions, almost 80% prescriptions written in United States, the manufacturing of that and the supply chain is becoming more and more tricky because of either geopolitical reasons, government policies, whichever way you want to look at it, because the need does not go away.

You have to cure the diseases or even for lifestyle drugs if you want to live better, longer, whichever way you want to look at it, the need is not going away. And the generic manufacturing, generic drugs, API manufacturing, largely is outside the United States, and that's where the supply chain becomes tricky, and managing that is fairly complicated these days.

Patrick Lavery

Are there supply chain concerns to note at this time? What about regulatory challenges?

Steve Barr

The first point certainly would fall directly from that previous comment. I mean, the focus on the whole GLP-1 class products and obesity in general, really is putting some strain, I would say, and the API supply chains, we're seeing a lot of investment, I think, by the innovators themselves. Some of that is linked to the overall, you know, geopolitical, let's say, desire to support us, investment and manufacture. But a lot of it is simply down to the actual demand for some of these products.

I mean, the oral products that we've just referenced, the small molecules, the volume potential for these products is very significant, and the amount of capacity that's actually required to produce some of these products, you know, takes a good chunk out of what would be more generally available for the rest of the small molecule manufacturers. So I think there's some pressure, some tensions that are driven by some of these, these new modalities.

I think it's also true more generally, into the area of peptides. Again. Very complex molecules, long supply chains, tying up a lot of capacity. And I think companies like our CDMOs are really balancing with that, you know, balance, if you like, between what we would want to do ourselves and our own networks versus what we might have to look at, you know, establishing partnerships and outsourcing.

So, these modalities are putting some supply chain pressures on, I would say you can't talk about supply chain challenges without direct reference to the tariff situation and the ongoing uncertainty about how that's actually going to land and depending on how all that shakes out, you know, you potentially will see more regionally developed supply chains.

So whereas supply chains, at the moment, have been very global in nature, you may well see more of us. You know, supply chains for European supply. And again, that really for companies like ourselves, we really need to think about the procurement and supply partners that we have in different regions, aligned, perhaps to where we actually manufacture, the API products.

And probably the other aspect of supply chain at the moment, which is kind of front of mind as the critical medicines initiative that's now been government backed both in the US and Europe, where the governments, I think, are looking to, let's say, shore up the security of supply chains by having certain critical medicines, small molecule APIs, typically produced in country. And you know, we're seeing, you know, the government approaching a number of companies, I'm sure, looking at what options might be available to effectively reshore these critical medicines.

Now, while it's interesting, I think that we probably need to look at the actual incentives and the payback for investing in those types of supply chains, but it is very much topical at the moment, and I think will continue to be an important point of discussion.

Prasad Raje

So supply chain is no longer as it used to be few decades back, where you do a Google search, you look up the molecule who is manufacturing, and it does not. You cannot bring it in a country, in United States, just like that. There are a lot of steps that one has to take in order to show the pedigree, a quote, unquote, of the molecule, where it comes from, who is the manufacturer, what is the regulatory status of the manufacturer? Understanding. All of those are really complex steps that one has to take in order to bring a molecule of your choice for development, either for R&D or for commercial manufacturer as a drug product.

So regulatory, while it can be referred as challenges, I would say it is complex. It isn't more complex than what people tend to believe. And in fact, while this is general discussion, that is one of the pillars of our expertise in how we tell a biotech industry or anyone who needs APIs to go ahead and focus on developing those drugs where we will deliver you at your doorstep through all the regulatory challenges that that or regulatory complexities that are in place the supply chain.

Part of it, if you really think about it, is, as I mentioned, majority of the generic drug manufacturers outside of the country, outside of United States, that choice was made a long, long time back by the business models that today exist for API manufacturing within us, which is largely to support the new molecular entities, which, as we talked about initially, has continued to always be in favor of small molecules. And most of the small molecules are oral solid dosage.

But regardless that API source being outside, supported by CDMOs, contract development, drug manufacturing within us, by that group, the generic manufacturing went outside. And so this is 40 years of doing, and it's not going to happen overnight in building that many plants, manufacturing plants, and start making those, and the cost for generic drugs being constantly driven down and expected to be driven down creates a real diametrically opposite dynamics. Is that you want to produce those in the lowest possible cost structure and bring it over, and that expectation is met of the cost, but if you choose other way around of manufacturing in a high cost environment, then it will reflect into healthcare cost, since 80% are written that way.

So that's the supply chain nuance that we are continuously battling. And hence our business, one of the pillars of our business model, which is API sourcing, fits in very well in making sure that is managed.

Patrick Lavery

How does artificial intelligence factor into the discussion? How can AI help in the discovery process?

Prasad Raje

Great, look, no matter which way we slice it or dice it, the companies or pharmaceutical discovery companies have to adapt to this, and there are very good reasons. Generative AI, let's just take that generative AI will help in de novo designing of drugs faster. Without a doubt, the predictive modeling will help in understanding absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity, the admit studies that typically we refer to the high throughput screening, which has been around for many, for decades now, i.e. mapping of receptor bindings, or whichever way you want to look at it, that certainly will be whole lot faster. So these are all the elements that I'm describing of drug discovery. I used to be a drug discovery scientist many, many decades back.

But nonetheless, these are all the aspects and the AI, the broader AI concept, is only making it more available for the industry, for the innovators. And hence, what we expect, we should expect, is more involvement, faster, more molecules being evaluated, which is good for the industry, and becoming better, sharper, deliver therapeutic deliveries at the end of the day. And the testament to that, or a testing of that, would come from the fact that in 2025 it is anticipated, or it is expected, and it is proving out to be eventually the 25 to 35% of new molecular entities are going to which are, which are in development have AI-assisted origin. So that proves that, yes, it is a concept that is not going away. It is only going to be more widely used and help the drug discovery.

Steve Barr

Yeah, so there's no doubt, there's no doubt that AI is going to be hugely transformative. You know, as again, as a CDMO focuses more on the manufacture, certainly, development and manufacture of processes, rather than fundamental drug discovery. But you know, you can see, and you can read about the impact it's having on drug discovery and the whole cycle, if you like, of design, make, test, analyze.

We're seeing researchers getting much better at predicting molecules, potency, effectiveness, the pharmacokinetic profile, and it's taken out a lot of the grunt work that, quite frankly, had to be done by scientists, and was costly and time consuming.

I think we're also seeing, you know, big improvements as well on the sort of, what I'd call virtual screening. So again, the ability for this, the AI back systems to effectively do a lot of that screening work, which, again, previously would require hundreds, sometimes thousands, of experiments, can now be done in a predictive way.

So again, saving time, time and money. But again, our focus is more on, you know, the manufacturing side, and I think it's we are seeing the benefits in terms of the ability to collect data, but obviously from an AI perspective, the ability to analyze that data and then understand how that data can actually help us improve yields and throughput, can improve impurity profiles in a predictive manner, again, which saves us a lot of thinking, time consuming experiments.

So we are really beginning to see it move into that, that manufacturing environment and pharmaceuticals, and I think that's going to have a lot of dividends, both from a cost and a timeline perspective, in terms of how we can execute on programs. I think the other dimension of AI is actually more in the commercial side. We are, we're now using AI search tools to really better study and analyze our customers’ pipelines of active projects and overlay our differentiated capabilities and come up with that much more targeted approach that we can position with our customers and where we can provide maximum value into their development and manufacturing activities, so whether it's from discovery manufacture or actually into the commercial activities. I mean, AI is going to have a huge role to play going forward.

Patrick Lavery

What about sustainability? Every developer is seeking ways to put more sustainable practices into effect. How do these protocols interplay with small molecule development?

Prasad Raje

A sustainable part of the small molecule has always been it has been talked about it as there are ebbs and waves that keep on coming on, how much it is expected and how much it is not. But I mean, I as an organic chemist who used to be actively involved in process research, process development in early 90s all the way to today, I have seen that there is always a constant drive to say sustainable practices are always involved in any processes that one would develop to commercial manufacturing, to making sure that all of that is being done in a way that we can sustain these practices for a longer time.

I mean, to some extent, one can argue that the part of the decision making for a lot of manufacturing to go overseas was by some of the strict environmental practices that we have in the United States put in place. But it is now a global awareness that it doesn't matter if you shift that from one part of globe to another part, it always comes back to haunt the entire globe, no matter which way you slice it or dice it so the awareness to use solvents, to use chemicals, to use processes that will be more environmentally friendly, more sustainable, are always going to be something that we have to worry about, either more or less at any given point because of government policies, we will never be able to escape completely.

Patrick Lavery

Any other thoughts? Perhaps a look into the future at the next big thing.

Prasad Raje

I want to get this right and become a billionaire. But nonetheless, look, 90% of the discussion is focused around small molecule, and so 90% of the drugs are small molecule. Let's say the facts that we know of small molecules are easier to manufacture and administer, because many of the small molecules turn out to be oral solid dosage, liquid, so on and so forth. They are fundamentally cheaper to manufacture and they are the cost of developing a large molecule versus small molecule is also different. The timeline to develop that is also different. They are shorter and less expensive to develop and get it into a commercial market. So they are here to stay.

There are some though that you know the cell gene therapy or the car-T, there are some fundamentally different ways of treating disease which will not be possible by small molecules. And so if you gaze into the future, it's not like small molecules are, are not here to stay. They'll always, they will coexist with the large molecules, with the large molecules solving the more complex problems, or at cellular level, understanding the genomics, and going down that path and getting to that level, whereas the more, I don't want to use the word, or I would say run of the mill, or the first line of treatment may revert back to a more cheaper, readily available, acceptable small molecule. That is really the future.

That is turning out to be because, a decade back, with human and other drugs becoming so popular as earth shattering, it has not changed the number of drugs that we talked about to set the stage for our discussion of small molecules decreasing by any chance.

Steve Barr

Just really, I mean, looking forward, where the focus, as we've said, is, a lot of GLP-1s, and I think that that whole space, moving from GLP-1 into the, let's say, products that are targeting multiple receptors, was the products that are in development at the moment are going to be really important.

I think we're going to continue to see, I would say, a higher focus on ADC type delivery systems and other conjugates. I think all the major innovators are really investing time and energy in there. And I think in general, small molecules are going to get more and more complex and complex.

Small molecules can be difficult to handle. It can be difficult to purify. And it's quite interesting from our perspective, that a technology like chromatography, which probably in many circles and pharmaceutical development was seen as almost a failure to optimize and develop your process if you had to use chromatography, it's now becoming actually fundamental, and the purification of peptides, ADCs and oligonucleotides. So I know the established technology is going to be repositioned and reinvented and become, I think, very important in terms of the future of drug development.

Prasad Raje

I think the only thing I'll say is organizations, whether it is adapting to AI, whether it is adapting to geopolitical situations, whether it is adapting to government policies, those who adapt very quickly, remain nimble. Are going to be successful. And today's discussion certainly hopefully points out towards real the adaptability and how science and life for everybody is changing fast.

Patrick Lavery

Steve and Prasad, thanks so much for taking the time to talk with us. It's been wonderful. I hope you've enjoyed this discussion on small molecule APIs, excipients and ingredients. If you would like to learn more about the topics discussing this Drug Digest episode and others related to the biopharmaceutical industry, please visit our websites at PharmTech.com and BioPharmInternational.com.

Thank you to our sponsors, Adare, Bend Bioscience, Catalent, Coating Place, gChem, Ligand, Lonza, Piramal, and Solvias for sponsoring this episode, and thanks again to our expert speakers for sharing their insights. Tune into the next episode of the Drug Digest series in October, focusing on partnering for biopharma success.

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Thanks to everyone for joining us for this episode of Drug Digest. We will see you next time.