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Equivalence test using two one-sided tests are widely used for demonstrating the comparability of treatment effects in different research fields. The method described in the manuscript aims to use simulations in Microsoft Excel to compute power for 2 one-sided tests for two groups with unequal variances.

The FDA opened an expedited IND pilot, tightened scrutiny of foreign trial data, and finalized a rule recognizing non-animal testing methods. In Europe, the EMA advanced pharmaceutical legislation reform, restricted 2 legacy products, and opened an injectable-iron safety review.