Drug Development

Added functionality excipients facilitate the development of novel drug delivery methods and improve processing techniques.

Currently, high-production rates and continuous production processes favor existing tableting technologies. However, if tablet development becomes rate-limiting in the future, alternative technologies may prove attractive.

Some of the common problems faced by formulators and how using ion exchange resins may be able to solve them are discussed.

Recent advances in spray-drying technology have led to the production of new directly compressible lactose grades with distinct advantages.

Recent technology improvements have made acrylics the preferred system for the aqueous enteric coating of tablets.

In this series of articles, bin blender performance is comprehensively reviewed using both free-flowing and cohesive mixtures. In part 1, an introduction to tools and techniques is presented, followed by an examination of parameter effects, mixing mechanisms, and the effects of cohesion on mixing.

The author describes a separation method for two active ingredients in the contraceptive pill with liquid chromatography UV detection.

The author suggests that an excipient's functionality can only be determined in the context of a specific formulation and manufacturing process.

Bin blender performance is comprehensively reviewed using both free-flowing and cohesive mixtures.

Pharmaceutical Science & Technology News

FDA expects a firm that is subject to GxP to develop a risk evaluation of its product and to then mitigate the identified risks. Identified risks may be addressed by technical fixes that effectively eliminate the risks or reduce the likelihood of occurrence and/or severity of consequences to acceptable levels.

Current microbiological methods cannot measure microbial contamination at the levels that engineers and regulators seek to establish for aseptic processing cleanrooms. New approaches for assessing data and establishing alert and action levels are advocated, and an example of one analytical tool is considered.

Synthetic excipients frequently offer advantages over all-natural compounds.

The authors investigate whether an extrusion-spheronization proces can be used to develop a matrix-based, controlled-release formulation for a highly water-soluble drug.

Dry powder inhalers are a well-accepted dosage form for pulmonary drug delivery and a wide variety are either currently available or in development. This article examines a premetered, capsule-based multidose inhaler for which different qualities of a-lactose monohydrate were screened.

The bioavailability of some insoluble drugs is enhanced when they are dissolved in the solubilizing agent macrogol 400, although conventional hard capsules cannot tolerate the agent. This article investigates a PVA copolymer, which has been developed by the authors, examining its properties and its suitability as a material in capsule formulations.

Following the launch of its initiative, "Pharmaceutical cGMPs for the 21st Century: A Risk-Based Approach," FDA has been looking to process analytical technology (PAT) for improvements in process efficiency and quality. This article discusses the implementation of PAT systems into production environments, its impact on quality assurance and the necessity of an integrated approach. Options for implementing PAT are also presented.

This article examines European differences in GMP requirements for the acceptance of Certificates of Tests. The authors look at how pharmaceutical manufacturers can address the issues and suggest a US-compatible framework for GMPs that could be incorporated into EU requirements.

FDA is expanding electronic data submission programmes to improve regulatory operations, and ensure appropriate and safe drug use.

Europe is debating the process by which drugs receive marketing authorization. As ever, the debating table features the EU, the pharmaceutical industry and the usual suspects among the European lobbies. The crux of the matter? Should comparative efficacy play a role in marketing authorizations?

Cationic liposomes are widely used in gene therapy as a safe alternative to highly immunogenic viral vectors. Attachment of a tissue-specific ligand to the surface of the liposomes can increase specificity and reduce undesired transfection. Targeted liposomes can be categorized as either immunoliposomes or ligand-targeted liposomes. The author provides a brief review of tumour-specific and liver-targeted cationic liposomes and strategies for the development of liposome?ligand complexes.

In this article the authors examine a number of significant amendments to US policy regarding generic pharmaceuticals. These important changes could have a major impact not only on the US pharmaceutical market, but also globally. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented new regulations, effective from 19 August 2003, that promise to benefit generic pharmaceutical companies in several ways. Significantly, they seek to prevent multiple 30-month stays and resolve much of the uncertainty regarding which patents may properly be listed in FDA's Orange Book.1,2

This article describes the use of a one-pot processor for the cleaning and cleaning validation of two drug compounds - water-soluble theophylline and water-insoluble mebendazole. Both substances were produced using wet granulation and microwave drying, after which the processor was cleaned using its clean-in-place (CIP) system. Swab samples were taken from areas considered critical during processing and analysed for remains of active ingredient. It was concluded from the results that the processor's CIP system is capable of removing both moieties to a level well within accepted regulations.

The authors examine the development and performance of coprocessed excipients, including testing them for flowability, compressibility, amd dilution potential.

This article reflects on the challenges that predicting powder flowability currently pose to the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and considers some of the benefits that can accrue when companies overcome these issues.

Based on a German initiative, an international standard on quality management systems for the primary packaging materials of medicinal products is discussed in this article. This new directive will help to standardize the production of primary packaging materials by defining global requirements.

The influence of light on the rate of moisture gain was investigated in 36 drug substances and 18 excipients.

The author provides a brief review of tumor-specific and liver-targeted cationic liposomes and the strategies for the development of liposome-ligand complexes.

When implementing computerized systems, it is important that both purchasers and vendors ensure that each stage of the process (from planning through operation to modifying) is properly validated. This article looks at some of the issues that arise when switching from traditional document-based procedures, and at the benefits that computerized systems can bring.

The importance of calibrating instruments used in manufacturing processes is well known, particularly for highly regulated industries such as pharmaceutical production. This article discusses software applications used to support calibration management, and the potential economic gain to be had by replacing a standalone software application with a capable enterprise system.