Process and Scaling

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This article discusses the basics of sterile filter qualification and validation, with emphasis on bacterial challenge protocol development and testing. Reference is made to Technical Report no. 26 of the Parenteral Drug Association.

Steaming-in-place (SIP) is a widely adopted method for the in-line sterilization of processing equipment. The main advantage of SIP relies on manipulation reduction and aseptic connections that might compromise the integrity of the downstream equipment.

FDA's recently released initiative has made process analytical technology (PAT) a hot topic in the life science industry. PAT describes the application of process analytical chemistry tools, feedback process control, information management tools, and product and process optimization strategies for the development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. In this article, the author explores the impact PAT will have on the pharmaceutical industry.

The authors suggest a design strategy for an aseptic process simulation that focuses on the basic repeating unit of the process, establishing alert and action criteria for the unit itself, and using worst-case simulations to establish routine operational parameters for the manufacturing process.

Customers are placing high demands on pharmaceutical manufacturers to produce sensitive, cost-effective and regulatory compliant inspection technology. This article examines how metal detection equipment suppliers can combine forces with manufacturers to provide state-of-the-art inspection systems, giving particular consideration to cleaning processes and regulatory issues.

FDA recently approved the first PAT applications for the introduction of rapid microbial testing of drug products and pharmaceutical-grade waters. Officials from FDA and GlaxoSmithKline worked together to ensure the appropriate scientific evaluation of the methods. Team members report on the successful validation approach and identify technical issues to be considered for the future.

Most, if not all, pharmaceutical companies today are moving towards a paperless reporting structure. This article examines FDA's 21 CFR Part 11 regulations, which relate to technical and procedural compliance for electronic records and signatures.