A biological indicator (BI) measures the effectiveness of the sterilization process to which it is subjected. Factors such as the test organism, the packaging, the culture material, and the test system all influence a BI's resistance. Carrier material is an often-overlooked factor that also influences BI resistance. The authors examine various solid and liquid carriers, describe their properties, and investigate how they influence BI resistance.
The author clarifies the definition and objectives of overkill sterilization for steam sterilization cycles. Current sterilization practices are reviewed and the validation difficulties associated with the various definitions of overkill sterilization are explored.
Aseptic processing has advanced over the past several decades, yet the pharmaceutical industry is still accepting of its limitations, particularly as it relates to human intervention as a source of contamination. The authors explain the importance of further diminishing the role of operators in aseptic processing and the approaches and technologies needed to achieve that goal.
Interphex2007, New York, NY (Apr. 25)-As manufacturers prepare for processing more-potent compounds, they seek effective clean-in-place (CIP) and wash-in-place (WIP) design systems.
Manufacturers use various techniques to transfer sterile liquid. Some methods, however, cannot accommodate disposable equipment, and others cannot transfer through barriers. This article describes a new approach for aseptic fluid transfer that was developed to provide a high-quality aseptic connection and simplify passage through a wall. The authors discuss the product-qualification results for the approach, which show that the technology and its various components meet pharmacopeial product-qualification requirements.
Agawam, MA (Mar. 26)-Contract manufacturing and testing laboratory Microtest signed a manufacturing deal with Antisoma to produce AS1411, a new drug being developed for the treatment of various cancers.
Filling machines often are installed in sterile rooms and separated by isolators to prevent contamination. These methods have certain drawbacks, including making interventions more difficult. Restricted-access barrier systems are an alternative that ensures sterility and facilitates interventions.
Finding a CMO partner will take time and an incorrect choice that leads to changing the CMO is financially very painful.
Over the past decade, disposable technologies have become a reality in biotech processes. The use of disposables in research and manufacturing allows high flexibility.
Clean rooms are critical areas in bio/pharma facilities, and it is essential that users are responsible for their care and upkeep, and familiarize themselves with the relevant regulations.
Glasses are important when operating in a sterile environment, and it is necessary to ensure that they will stand up to repeated sterilization processes without introducing contaminants. The glasses were subjected to numerous steam sterilization cycles to assess durability and microbial reduction. Results showed that the glasses most widely available on the market have been refined by the manufacturer to satisfy pharmaceutical customer needs by withstanding repeated sterilization cycles and minimizing contaminating particle release.
In view of the nature of its complexity, it might be desirable to apply FDA's process analytical technology to lyophilization.
UK science has an outstanding record and we remain strong internationally in terms of achievement, productivity and efficiency.
Before formal cleaning validation programs were instituted, visual inspection was the primary means of determining equipment cleanliness. The use of visual inspection is still typically a component of a cleaning validation program and for routine inspections of cleaning effectiveness, but the use of visual inspection as a sole criterion for equipment cleanliness has not been successfully implemented as a valid approach for cleaning validation.
This article summarizes changes to the Akers–Agalloco aseptic processing risk analysis model (first presented in Pharmaceutical Technology's November 2005 issue) as well as some of the underlying thinking behind the revision. The simplified model makes the method easier to use because of its greater flexibility of environmental control practice. It maintains the emphasis on human activity as the primary consideration in risk management for aseptic processing.
Any aseptic processing technology that allows intervention by gowned personnel during operation cannot be considered an advanced technology. Although a standardized definition of restricted access barrier systems has been developed, these systems fall well short of being classfied as advanced technologies.
The author explores the importance of the proposals to revise Annex 1 of the EU GMPs in the context of the desire for science-based, internationally respected GMPs. Commentary also is provided about the relationship between this annex and CEN–ISO cleanroom standards.
Model organisms are useful when validating sterile filtration, but successful retention of the model organism does not always guarantee that effluent is sterile. The authors explore the various factors that influence sterile filtration.
Calculations show the predicted contamination levels in cleanrooms with turbulent mixing air and with vertical unidirectional airflow when people are dressed in modern cleanroom clothing systems. Comparisons are made between operation theatres and cleanrooms.
The industry has acknowledged only recently the significance of the contamination risk posed by humans. The authors assert that this realization, together with technological advances, will lead to the elimination of human intervention and, hence, improved sterility.
There are few, if any, valid reasons not to install an isolator in a new aseptic processing facility.
Performing D-value and population verification is critical in the acceptance criteria for allowing a new lot of biological indicators into a facility before acceptance and use of the lot in validation work or routine monitoring of sterilization cycles.
Cell-culture technology and financial incentives give influenza vaccine makers a much-needed shot in the arm, but many downstream processing issues remain unaddressed.
Adding a cleaning step to the field-testing protocol, and combining it with the data generated to register sanitizing and disinfectant agents under FIFRA and the CEN TC 216 work program, produces a sanitation-and-disinfection validation methodology that is cost-effective, simple, and time-saving.
Analytical tools and methods that require less water and detergent are gaining interest for faster, more efficient cleaning.
