Quality Systems

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The recovery of an occasional mold does not merit any particular concern. On the other hand, evidence of mold proliferation indicative of infection of facilities or equipment must be taken seriously and requires the prompt implementation of corrective and preventive actions.

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A risk-based guard band surrounds a specification limit and is derived from the uncertainty of the reportable value of the analytical procedure, which includes the uncertainty in the reference standard. The author discusses requirements for generating a reportable value and calculating the associated measurement uncertainty.

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The quality-by-design principles used to control process variability are equally important to measurement systems because process variability includes contributions from measurement system variability. The authors use real-life examples from drug development projects to outline how an understanding of chromatographic measurement system variability might be achieved.